Memphis the first 'nome' (province) of Lower Egypt. Its ruins are located 20 km (12 mi) south of Giza. According to a legend related by Manetho, the original city of Memphis was founded by the pharaoh Menes. Capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom, it remained an important city throughout ancient Egyptian history. It occupied a strategic position at the mouth of the Nile Delta. Its principal port, Peru-nefer, was home to a high density of workshops, factories, and warehouses that distributed food and merchandise throughout the ancient kingdom. During its golden age, Memphis thrived as a regional centre for commerce, trade, and religion. Memphis was believed to be under the protection of the god Ptah, the patron of craftsmen. Its great temple, Hut-ka-Ptah (meaning 'The Enclosure of the ka of Ptah'), was one of the most prominent structures in the city. The name of this temple, rendered in Greek as Aἴγυπτoς (Ai-gy-ptos) by the historian Manetho, is believed to be the etymological origin of the modern English name 'Egypt'. The history of Memphis is closely linked to that of the country itself. Its eventual downfall is believed to be due to the loss of its economic significance in late antiquity, following the rise of coastal Alexandria The ruins of the former capital at the time of our story offer fragmented evidence of its past, and they have been preserved, along with the great pyramid complex at Giza - which brings us back to Pyramids.

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