I think it could be that the two extra small ones near the Alice Ball with the green and blue ribbons aren't dolls at all, but rather Cirno and Daiyousei
But that wouldn't be logical as full size cirno is already on and about... ugh.
F.O.E. are strong enemies from Sekaiju no Meikyuu, which are represented as orange whirls on the screen before you fight (and identify) them. Kedama (lit. furball) are just that, furballs. The ones in this image are moe-fied versions of them.
I remember seeing another giant Kedama as enemy in a JRPG, though I don't remember which one.